‘..’ (dot dot) represents a relative path in a file system. It is used to refer to the parent directory of the current directory.

‘..’ (dot dot) represents a relative path in a file system. It is used to refer to the parent directory of the current directory. Usage: ‘..’ is typically used in file paths to traverse up the directory tree. For example: * `cd ..` changes the current directory to the parent directory. * `ls ../` lists the files and directories in the parent directory. * `rm ../file.txt` deletes the file `file.txt` in the parent directory. Examples: | Path | Meaning | |—|—| | `./..` | Parent directory of the current directory | | `/path/to/dir/..` | Parent directory of `/path/to/dir` | | `~/.` | Home directory | | `~/../` | Parent directory of the home directory | Dot Notation: In some cases, ‘..’ can also be used in dot notation to refer to the parent directory in a symbolic way. For example: * In Python, `os.path.dirname(‘/path/to/file.txt’)` returns the parent directory of the file `/path/to/file.txt` (i.e., `/path/to`). * In JavaScript, `Path.dirname(‘/path/to/file.txt’)` returns the parent directory of the path `/path/to/file.txt` (i.e., `/path/to`). Precautions: While ‘..’ is useful for manipulating directories, it is important to use it carefully. Using ‘..’ repeatedly can lead to traversing outside of the intended directory structure and potentially compromising system security.EllipsisEllipsis The ellipsis (…), also known as the dot-dot-dot, is a punctuation mark that indicates an omission or pause in writing. It is used for a variety of purposes, including: To indicate an omission of words or phrases: * “I’m so excited for the trip… I can’t even wait!” * “She glanced at the clock, wondering… how much time she had left.” To create a sense of suspense or anticipation: * “The detective approached the door… slowly, cautiously.” * “And then… the lights went out.” To emphasize a particular word or phrase: * “I know… I know it’s wrong.” * “He was the one… the one who did it.” To indicate a pause or hesitation in speech: * “Well, I’m not sure… maybe.” * “I… I don’t know what to say.” To create a sense of ambiguity or uncertainty: * “The future is… unknown.” * “The truth lies somewhere in… the middle.” Rules for Using Ellipsis * Ellipsis is typically placed within square brackets […] to indicate that words have been omitted. However, it is also acceptable to use three periods (…) without brackets. * Ellipsis should be used sparingly to avoid making text confusing or difficult to read. * Ellipsis should not be used to omit important information or alter the meaning of a sentence. * When omitting words from a quotation, use ellipsis to indicate the omission but do not change the punctuation within the quotation. Example: * Original quotation: “To be or not to be, that is the question.” * Omission with ellipsis: “To be or not to be… that is the question.” Exceptions There are a few exceptions to the rules for using ellipsis. For example, ellipsis can be used: * As part of a trailing off sentence, where the sentence ends abruptly without a period. * To indicate a pregnant pause or unfinished thought. * As a stylistic device in poetry or literature to create a rhythmic or reflective effect.Compounding Emergencies: Wildfires and Heat Waves Ravage the Southwest Extreme heat, fueled by climate change, is exacerbating wildfires across the Southwestern United States. Record-breaking temperatures have dried out vegetation, making it highly combustible. Combined with strong winds, these conditions have created a perfect storm for devastating blazes. In New Mexico, the largest wildfire in state history has scorched over half a million acres, destroying homes and threatening communities. As of this writing, the fire is still raging, and firefighters are battling relentlessly to contain it. Meanwhile, Arizona and Utah are also grappling with wildfires. In Arizona, the Tunnel Fire has spread rapidly, forcing the evacuation of thousands of residents. In Utah, the Jacob City Fire has grown to over 100,000 acres, prompting road closures and air quality alerts. The intense heat has also caused widespread heat-related illnesses. Hospitals are reporting an influx of patients suffering from heat exhaustion and heat stroke. The elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions are particularly vulnerable to these dangerous conditions. Authorities are urging residents to stay hydrated, seek shelter in cool places, and avoid strenuous activities during the hottest part of the day. Heat shelters have been established in affected communities to provide respite for those in need. The compounding emergencies of wildfires and heat waves are a stark reminder of the urgent need to address climate change. Scientists warn that such extreme events will become more frequent and severe in the years to come. Experts emphasize the importance of investing in wildfire prevention, mitigation, and response measures. They also call for policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. As the crisis unfolds, communities across the Southwest are pulling together to support those affected by the wildfires and extreme heat. Donations and aid are pouring in from around the country to help those who have lost their homes and livelihoods. In the face of these devastating emergencies, the human spirit of resilience and compassion shines through. By working together, we can overcome these challenges and build a more resilient future for all.