.. (two dots), known as the parent directory, is a special directory in a hierarchical file system that refers to the directory one level up in the tree structure. It provides a convenient way to navigate back to the previous directory without having to specify the full path. Usage: * In the terminal or command line, ‘..’ can be used as a command to move to the parent directory. * In file paths, ‘..’ is used as a relative path component to indicate the directory above the current directory. Examples: * To move to the parent directory from the current directory in the terminal: “` cd .. “` * To refer to a file in the parent directory in a file path: “` ../filename.txt “` Properties: * ‘..’ is a relative path, meaning its interpretation depends on the current working directory. * ‘..’ always refers to the immediate parent directory. There is no way to skip multiple levels up the tree with ‘..’. * ‘..’ is not a real directory on the file system but rather a symbolic link that points to the parent directory. * ‘..’ is supported by all modern file systems, including Unix, macOS, Windows, and Linux. Advantages: * Provides a simple and consistent way to navigate up the directory hierarchy. * Avoids the need to remember or type out the full path to the parent directory. * Can be used in scripts and automation tasks to simplify file manipulation. Note: * Using ‘..’ to navigate outside the root directory of a file system is not allowed and will result in an error. * “..\” (two dots followed by a backslash) is an alternative notation for ‘..’ that is commonly used in Windows command prompt and PowerShell… (Dot Dot)
.. (Dot Dot) In the realm of computing and programming, ‘..’ represents the parent directory. It is a navigation shortcut that points to the directory one level higher in the file system hierarchy. Usage: * Command-line: In command-line interfaces, ‘..’ can be used to navigate to the parent directory. For example: “` cd .. “` * File path: ‘..’ can be included in file paths to access files in the parent directory. For example: “` /path/to/parent/directory/filename.txt “` * URL: Some web browsers support ‘..’ in URLs to navigate to the parent directory of the current page. For example: “` https://example.com/path/to/parent/directory “` Function: When ‘..’ is encountered in a file path or command, the operating system or application moves up one level in the directory hierarchy and identifies the parent directory. This allows users to access files, directories, and other resources that reside in the parent directory without specifying its absolute path. Example: Consider the following directory structure: “` / ├── directory1 │ ├── file1.txt │ ├── file2.txt │ ├── subdirectory1 │ │ ├── file3.txt ├── directory2 │ ├── file4.txt │ ├── file5.txt “` To access `file1.txt` from the `subdirectory1` directory, you can use the following path: “` ../directory1/file1.txt “` The ‘..’ points to the parent directory of `subdirectory1`, which is `directory1`, and then you can access `file1.txt` within that directory. Benefits: * Convenience: ‘..’ provides a shortcut to navigate to the parent directory, saving time and keystrokes. * Clarity: Using ‘..’ makes file paths more concise and readable by eliminating the need to specify the absolute path of the parent directory. * Cross-platform: ‘..’ is a standard navigation shortcut that is consistent across different operating systems and programming languages.
Police officers investigate fatal crash on Route 95 HARTFORD, Conn. – Connecticut State Police are investigating a fatal crash that occurred on Route 95 in West Hartford on Thursday afternoon. The crash occurred at approximately 2:30 p.m. when a car traveling southbound on Route 95 crossed the median and collided head-on with a tractor-trailer traveling northbound. The driver of the car, a 54-year-old man from New Haven, was pronounced dead at the scene. The driver of the tractor-trailer, a 62-year-old man from Hartford, was transported to a local hospital with minor injuries. The cause of the crash is under investigation. Route 95 was closed in both directions for several hours while police investigated the crash. Traffic was diverted to local roads. Anyone with information about the crash is asked to contact Connecticut State Police at (860) 534-1000.
